Crowther and Dolton et al. identified an unconventional human T cell clone capable of killing many different types of cancer in vitro in an HLA-independent fashion while sparing healthy cells. Using genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening, the researchers showed that the T cell clone recognized the ubiquitously expressed, mostly monomorphic, MHC-I-related protein MR1 on the surface of cancer cells when MR1 was loaded with a yet unidentified cancer-specific or cancer-associated ligand. Adoptive transfer of this T cell clone into immunodeficient NSG mice with leukemia reduced tumor burden and increased survival.
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