Origin of the vertebrate pectoral girdle and pectoral fins – overturned

Brazeau et al 2023 report,"The past 150 years of debate has been shaped by two contentious theories: the ventrolateral fin-fold hypothesis and the archipterygium hypothesis. The latter proposes that fins and girdles evolved from an ancestral gill arch. Although studies in animal development have revived interest in this idea, it is apparently unsupported by fossil…

Pectoral fin and limb patterns. (a) Acanthostega hindlimb. After Coates

The Pterosaur Heresies, There's something very wrong with our pterosaurs.

The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Vertebrate Skeleton, by Sidney H. Reynolds

GEOL431 - Vertebrate Paleobiology

Origin of the vertebrate pectoral girdle and pectoral fins – overturned

Pectoral girdle and fin of Squalus megalops (MZUSP 110973, female

3 Dermal shoulder girdle, (a) Acanthodian Acanthodes bronni (after

davidpeters1954, The Pterosaur Heresies

Fish Anatomy Flashcards

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The pectoral fin of Tiktaalik roseae and the origin of the tetrapod limb